|
Planetary Data
| Quantity |
Mercury |
Venus |
Earth |
Mars |
Jupiter |
Saturn |
Uranus |
Neptune |
Pluto |
Mean distance from sun
(106 km) |
57.9 |
108.2 |
149.6 |
227.9 |
778.6 |
1,433.5 |
2,872.5 |
4,495.1 |
5,906.4 |
Mean distance from sun
AU |
0.387 |
0.723 |
1.0 |
1.523 |
5.205 |
9.582 |
19.20 |
30.05 |
39.48 |
| Period of revolution, years |
0.241 |
0.615 |
1.00 |
1.88 |
11.86 |
29.42 |
83.75 |
163.72 |
247.93 |
| Orbital speed, km/s |
47.4 |
35.0 |
29.8 |
24.1 |
13.1 |
9.7 |
6.81 |
5.43 |
4.74 |
| Inclination of axis to orbit |
0.01 |
177.4 |
23.4 |
25.2 |
3.1 |
26.7 |
97.8 |
28.3 |
122.5 |
| Inclination of orbit to earth's orbit |
7 |
3.39 |
0 |
1.85 |
1.30 |
2.49 |
0.77 |
1.77 |
17.2 |
| Eccentricity of orbit |
0.206 |
0.0068 |
0.0167 |
0.0934 |
0.0485 |
0.0556 |
0.046 |
0.011 |
0.244 |
| Equatorial diameter, km |
4,879 |
12,104 |
12,756 |
6,792 |
142,984 |
120,536 |
51,118 |
49,528 |
2370 |
| Mass(earth=1) |
0.0553 |
0.816 |
1.000 |
0.108 |
318 |
95.1 |
14.5 |
17.1 |
0.00245 |
| Density (water = 1) |
5.427 |
5.243 |
5.514 |
3.933 |
1.326 |
0.687 |
1.271 |
1.638 |
2.095 |
| Escape velocity, equator, km/s |
4.3 |
10.4 |
11.2 |
5.0 |
59.5 |
35.5 |
21.3 |
23.5 |
1.3 |
| Satellites |
0 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
67 |
62 |
27 |
14 |
5 |
| High/Low temperatures, °C |
350 |
480 |
58 |
27 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
-234 |
| -170 |
-33 |
-88 |
-123 |
... |
... |
... |
... |
-390 |
| Atmosphere |
none |
CO2 |
N2,O2 |
CO2 |
H2,He |
H2,He |
H2,He |
H2,He |
none |
| Mean distance from Sun: |
0.387 AU = 5.79x107 km |
| Maximum distance from Sun: |
0.467 AU=6.98x107 km |
| Minimum distance from Sun: |
0.307 AU=4.60x107
|
| Mean orbital velocity: |
47.4 km/s |
| Siderial period: |
87.969 days |
| Rotation period: |
58.646 days |
| Inclination of equator to orbit: |
0° |
| Inclination of orbit to ecliptic: |
7°00'16" |
| Orbital eccentricity: |
0.206 |
| Diameter(equatorial): |
4878 km |
| Diameter (Earth = 1): |
0.382 |
| Apparent diameter from Earth:Max: |
12.9" |
| Apparent diameter from Earth:Min: |
4.5" |
| Mass: |
3.3x1023 kg |
| Mass(Earth=1): |
0.055 |
| Mean density |
5427 kg/m3
|
| Surface gravity (Earth = 1) |
0.38 |
| Escape velocity |
4.3 km/s |
| Oblateness |
0 |
| Mean surface temperature:day |
350°C=662°F=623K |
| Mean surface temperature:night |
-170°C=-274°F=103K |
| Albedo |
0.1 |
| Brightest magnitude |
-1.9 |
| Mean diameter of Sun from Mercury |
1°22'40" |
|
 |
Mercury |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Data from Kaufmann
|
Index
Solar System Illustration
Solar System Concepts
|
|
|
Go Back |
| Mean distance from Sun: |
0.723 AU = 1.082x108 km |
| Maximum distance from Sun: |
0.728 AU=1.089x108 km |
| Minimum distance from Sun: |
0.718 AU=1.075x108 km |
| Mean orbital velocity: |
35.0 km/s |
| Siderial period: |
224.70 days |
| Rotation period: |
243.01 days
Retrograde |
| Inclination of equator to orbit: |
177.4° |
| Inclination of orbit to ecliptic: |
3°23'40" |
| Orbital eccentricity: |
0.007 |
| Diameter(equatorial): |
12,104 km |
| Diameter (Earth = 1): |
0.949 |
| Apparent diameter from Earth:Max: |
65.2" |
| Apparent diameter from Earth:Min: |
9.5" |
| Mass: |
4.87x1024 kg |
| Mass(Earth=1): |
0.8150 |
| Mean density |
5240 kg/m3
|
| Surface gravity (Earth = 1) |
0.903 |
| Escape velocity |
10.4 km/s |
| Oblateness |
0 |
| Mean surface temperature |
480°C=900°F=750K |
| Albedo |
0.65 |
| Brightest magnitude |
-4.4 |
| Mean diameter of Sun from Venus |
44'15" |
|
|
|
Venus |
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Data from Kaufmann
|
Index
Solar System Illustration
Solar System Concepts
|
|
|
Go Back |
| Mean distance from Sun: |
1.000 AU = 1.496x108 km |
| Maximum distance from Sun: |
1.017 AU=1.521x108 km |
| Minimum distance from Sun: |
0.983 AU=1.471x108 km |
| Mean orbital velocity: |
29.8 km/s |
| Siderial period: |
365.256 days |
| Rotation period: |
23.9345 hours |
| Inclination of equator to orbit: |
23° 27' |
| Inclination of orbit to ecliptic: |
0° |
| Orbital eccentricity: |
0.0167 |
| Diameter(equatorial): |
12,756 km |
| Mass: |
5.976x1024 kg |
| Mean density |
5500 kg/m3
|
| Escape velocity |
11.2 km/s |
| Oblateness |
0.0034 |
| Mean surface temperature |
20°C=68°F=293K |
| Surface temperature:max |
60°C=140°F=333K |
| Surface temperature:min |
-90°C=-130°F=183K |
| Albedo* |
0.39 |
| Brightest magnitude |
-1.9 |
| Mean diameter of Sun from Earth |
0°32' |
|
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|
|
Earth |
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
Data from Kaufmann
*Albedo is the fraction of light reflected from an object.
Additional data:
|
Acceleration of gravity on surface of earth |
9.8 m/s2
|
| Range on earth's surface about |
9.77 to 9.83 m/s2
|
| Air Density, standard |
1.29 kg/m3
|
| Average molecular mass |
.0289 kg/mole |
| At STP a mole of air occupies |
22.4 liters = .0224 m3
|
| One cubic meter of air contains |
44.64 moles |
| Composition of dry air
|
| Component |
Percentage |
Partial pressure(mmHg) |
| Nitrogen |
78.08
|
593.4
|
| Oxygen |
20.95
|
159.2
|
| Argon |
0.93
|
7.1
|
| Carbon dioxide |
.03 |
0.2
|
|
Index
Solar System Illustration
Solar System Concepts
|
|
|
Go Back |
| Mean distance from Sun: |
1.524 AU = 2.279x108 km |
| Maximum distance from Sun: |
1.666 AU=2.491x108 km |
| Minimum distance from Sun: |
1.382 AU=2.067x108 km |
| Mean orbital velocity: |
24.1 km/s |
| Siderial period: |
686.98 days
1.88 yrs |
| Rotation period: |
24hr 37m 23s |
| Inclination of equator to orbit: |
25° 11' |
| Inclination of orbit to ecliptic: |
1°50'59" |
| Orbital eccentricity: |
0.093 |
| Diameter(equatorial): |
6794 km |
| Diameter (Earth = 1): |
0.532 |
| Apparent diameter from Earth:Max: |
25.7" |
| Apparent diameter from Earth:Min: |
3.5" |
| Mass: |
6.42x1023 kg |
| Mass(Earth=1): |
0.107 |
| Mean density |
3940 kg/m3
|
| Surface gravity (Earth = 1) |
0.380 |
| Escape velocity |
5.0 km/s |
| Oblateness |
0.006 |
| Surface temperature:max |
20°C=68°F=293K |
| Surface temperature:min |
-140°C=-220°F=133K |
| Albedo |
0.15 |
| Brightest magnitude |
-2.0 |
| Mean diameter of Sun from Mars |
21' |
|
|
|
|
|
Mars |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Data from Kaufmann
|
Index
Solar System Illustration
Solar System Concepts
|
|
|
Go Back |
| Mean distance from Sun: |
5.203 AU = 7.786x108 km |
| Maximum distance from Sun: |
5.455 AU=8.157x108 km |
| Minimum distance from Sun: |
4.951 AU=7.409x108 km |
| Mean orbital velocity: |
13.1 km/s |
| Siderial period: |
11.86 yr |
| Rotation period: |
9hr 50m 30s
equatorial |
| Inclination of equator to orbit: |
3° 04' |
| Inclination of orbit to ecliptic: |
1°18' |
| Orbital eccentricity: |
0.048 |
| Diameter(equatorial): |
142,984 km
133,500 km polar |
| Diameter (Earth = 1): |
11.19
10.47 polar |
| Apparent diameter from Earth:Max: |
50.1" |
| Apparent diameter from Earth:Min: |
30.4" |
| Mass: |
1.90x1027 kg |
| Mass(Earth=1): |
317.8 |
| Mean density |
1326 kg/m3
|
| Surface gravity (Earth = 1) |
2.53 |
| Escape velocity |
59.5 km/s |
| Oblateness |
0.065 |
| Mean surface temperature:cloudtops |
-110°C=-166°F=163K |
| Albedo |
0.52 |
| Brightest magnitude |
-2.7 |
| Mean diameter of Sun from Jupiter |
6'09" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jupiter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Data from Kaufmann
|
Index
Solar System Illustration
Solar System Concepts
|
|
|
Go Back |
| Mean distance from Sun: |
9.582 AU = 1.433x109 km |
| Maximum distance from Sun: |
10.044 AU=1.503x109 km |
| Minimum distance from Sun: |
9.014 AU=1.348x109 km |
| Mean orbital velocity: |
9.6 km/s |
| Siderial period: |
29.41 years |
| Rotation period: |
10 h 13m 59s
10h 39m 25s internal |
| Inclination of equator to orbit: |
27° |
| Inclination of orbit to ecliptic: |
2°29' |
| Orbital eccentricity: |
0.054 |
| Diameter(equatorial): |
120,536 km
107,000 polar |
| Diameter (Earth = 1): |
9.26
8.27 polar |
| Apparent diameter from Earth:Max: |
20.9" |
| Apparent diameter from Earth:Min: |
15" |
| Mass: |
5.69x1026 kg |
| Mass(Earth=1): |
95.1 |
| Mean density |
687 kg/m3
|
| Surface gravity (Earth = 1) |
1.07 |
| Escape velocity |
35.5 km/s |
| Oblateness |
0.108 |
| Mean surface temperature:cloudtops |
-180°C=-292°F=93K |
| Albedo |
0.76 |
| Brightest magnitude |
-0.3 |
| Mean diameter of Sun from Saturn |
3'22" |
|
|
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|
Saturn |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Data from Kaufmann
|
Index
Solar System Illustration
Solar System Concepts
|
|
|
Go Back |
| Mean distance from Sun: |
19.20 AU = 2.873x109 km |
| Maximum distance from Sun: |
20.07 AU=3.003x109 km |
| Minimum distance from Sun: |
18.31 AU=2.739x109 km |
| Mean orbital velocity: |
6.8 km/s |
| Siderial period: |
84.04 years |
| Rotation period: |
17.2 hours |
| Inclination of equator to orbit: |
97.9° |
| Inclination of orbit to ecliptic: |
0.77° |
| Orbital eccentricity: |
0.046 |
| Diameter(equatorial): |
51,118 km |
| Diameter (Earth = 1): |
4.01 |
| Apparent diameter from Earth:Max: |
3.7" |
| Apparent diameter from Earth:Min: |
3.1" |
| Mass: |
8.68x1025 kg |
| Mass(Earth=1): |
14.5 |
| Mean density |
1271 kg/m3
|
| Surface gravity (Earth = 1) |
0.92 |
| Escape velocity |
21.3 km/s |
| Oblateness |
0.03 |
| Mean surface temperature:cloudtops |
-216°C=-357°F=57K |
| Albedo |
0.51 |
| Brightest magnitude |
+5.6 |
| Mean diameter of Sun from Uranus |
1'41" |
|
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|
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|
Uranus |
|
|
|
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|
Data from Kaufmann
|
Index
Solar System Illustration
Solar System Concepts
|
|
|
Go Back |
| Mean distance from Sun: |
30.05 AU = 4.495x109 km |
| Maximum distance from Sun: |
30.36 AU=4.546x109 km |
| Minimum distance from Sun: |
29.76 AU=4.456x109 km |
| Mean orbital velocity: |
5.4 km/s |
| Siderial period: |
163.72 years |
| Rotation period: |
16.11 hours |
| Inclination of equator to orbit: |
29.6° |
| Inclination of orbit to ecliptic: |
1.77° |
| Orbital eccentricity: |
0.01 |
| Diameter(equatorial): |
49,528 km |
| Diameter (Earth = 1): |
3.88 |
| Apparent diameter from Earth:Max: |
2.2" |
| Apparent diameter from Earth:Min: |
2.0" |
| Mass: |
1.03x1026 kg |
| Mass(Earth=1): |
17.1 |
| Mean density |
1638 kg/m3
|
| Surface gravity (Earth = 1) |
1.12 |
| Escape velocity |
23.5 km/s |
| Oblateness |
0.026 |
| Mean surface temperature:cloudtops |
-216°C=-357°F=57K |
| Albedo |
0.35 |
| Brightest magnitude |
+7.7 |
| Mean diameter of Sun from Neptune |
1'04" |
|
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|
|
|
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|
Neptune |
|
|
|
|
Data from Kaufmann
|
Index
Solar System Illustration
Solar System Concepts
|
|
|
Go Back |
| Mean distance from Sun: |
39.48 AU = 5.906x109 km |
| Maximum distance from Sun: |
49.33 AU=7.380x109 km |
| Minimum distance from Sun: |
29.73 AU=4.447x109 km |
| Mean orbital velocity: |
4.74 km/s |
| Siderial period: |
247.93 years |
| Rotation period: |
6.3874 days |
| Inclination of equator to orbit: |
122° |
| Inclination of orbit to ecliptic: |
17.1° |
| Orbital eccentricity: |
0.248 |
| Diameter(equatorial): |
2370 km |
| Diameter (Earth = 1): |
0.18 |
| Apparent diameter from Earth: |
0.1" |
| Mass: |
1.46x1022 kg |
| Mass(Earth=1): |
0.00245 |
| Mean density |
2095 kg/m3
|
| Surface gravity (Earth = 1) |
0.06 |
| Escape velocity |
1.3 km/s |
| Mean surface temperature: |
-223°C=-369°F=50K |
| Albedo |
0.4 |
| Brightest magnitude |
+15 |
| Mean diameter of Sun from Pluto |
50" |
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Pluto |
|
|
|
Data from Kaufmann
|
Index
Solar System Illustration
Solar System Concepts
|
|
|
Go Back |
|
